面向自然资源信息提取的多源异构数据融合技术——以汉江流域NDVI数据为例     

汤宇磊  吴杨杨  蒋兴征  冯亮  高阳 《中国地质调查》2021,8(2):74-82

高时空分辨率的自然资源指标数据对大尺度自然资源动态观测与趋势评估至关重要。大数据时代下的海量多源数据为数据高效融合利用提供了可能。以重构汉江流域归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据为例,搭建了PostgreSQL自然资源时空大数据处理底层架构,集成了数据级融合法、特征级融合法和决策级融合法,基于机器学习算法构建了一套面向自然资源信息提取的多源异构数据智能融合技术,实现了多源数据的高效利用与特征空间优选。同时,重构了2000—2019年汉江流域NDVI 1 km逐年数据集,全面反映了汉江流域植被动态变化。研究结果可为地球科学时空大数据的高效提取与模拟分析提供科学参考,为定量核算林草资源禀赋规模、探究生态系统时空演变规律提供一种更精准、更便捷的技术手段。  相似文献   

不同地质建造类型的生态环境功能特征——以西昌地区为例     

张腾蛟  刘洪  欧阳渊  张景华  张振杰  李樋 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):35-49

地质建造背景可以直接反映该地区的形成演化过程、物质组成和地理条件,直接或间接地影响基岩上的生态环境。小范围内生态环境效应由地质建造直接控制,再由不同的气候条件、人类活动进行改造。土壤中的营养元素基本继承于母岩,而气候条件和人类活动同样会对土壤的物理性质、化学性质形成扰动。以中国地质调查局生态地质调查工程之大凉山区生态地质调查项目为依托,以沉积建造特征、空间分布、大地构造属性等因素为基础,将西昌地区划分为11个地质建造单元。通过详细的野外调查和数据分析,对西昌地区不同地质建造单元进行研究,认为建造单元上的生态地质环境存在明显的差异性,地质建造背景直接制约了成土母质及土壤的物理化学性质,营养元素在成土母质和土壤之间的迁移存在明显的继承性。同时,不同的地质建造单元和不同的地理地貌特征共同决定了不同地质建造单元的生态功能属性。研究成果为下一步开展生态地质调查提供依据和思路。  相似文献   

山东省广饶县地下水位多年动态及其地质环境效应分析     

刘帅  刘志涛  段晓飞  冯颖  蒋书杰  黄松 《中国地质调查》2021,8(3):49-57

山东省广饶县地下淡水资源丰富,是本区工农业生产和生活用水的重要水源,长期大量开采地下水引发了地下水降落漏斗、咸水入侵、地面沉降等地质环境问题。通过对广饶县地下水多年监测资料的整理和分析,揭示了本区地下水水位的变化规律,预测了地下水水位的变化趋势。分析表明: 在现状开采条件下,浅层地下水降落漏斗已基本稳定,无加重趋势。考虑地面沉降和咸水入侵的发展趋势,提出深层地下水的约束埋深不应大于80 m,甄庙地区咸水入侵临界水位为10 m,这为当地地下水的合理开采与环境地质问题的防治提供了依据。  相似文献   

华北雨季开始早晚与大气环流和海表温度异常的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于晓澄  赵俊虎  杨柳  支蓉  封国林 《大气科学》2019,43(1):107-118

本文利用国家气候中心的1961~2016年华北雨季监测资料、美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）的大气再分析资料、NOAA海表温度资料,分析了华北雨季开始早晚的气候特征,然后利用合成分析、回归分析等方法,研究了华北雨季开始早晚与大气环流系统和关键区域海表温度的关系。结果表明,56 a来华北雨季开始最早在7月6日,最晚在8月10日,1961~2016年华北雨季开始平均日期是7月18日。华北雨季开始时间具有显著的年际变化,但雨季发生早晚的长期变化趋势不太明显。华北雨季开始早晚与西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）、东亚副热带西风急流、东亚夏季风等环流系统的活动关系密切,当对流层高层副热带西风急流建立偏早偏强,中层西太平洋副高第二次北跳偏早,低层东亚夏季风北进提前时,华北雨季开始偏早,反之华北雨季开始偏晚。华北雨季开始早晚与春、夏季热带印度洋、赤道中东太平洋海表温度关系显著且稳定,当Ni?o3.4指数和热带印度洋全区海表温度一致模态（IOBW）为正值时,贝加尔湖大陆高压偏强,副高偏强偏南,东亚夏季风偏弱,导致华北雨季开始偏晚;当海表温度指数为负值时,则华北雨季开始偏早。  相似文献   

四川地区多模式2m温度预报性能分析及集成方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯良敏  周秋雪  陈朝平  范江琳 《高原山地气象研究》2019,39(2):30-36

本文通过分析2017年9~12月四川地区ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting)细网格模式、GRAPES_GFS(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)全球模式和西南区域模式(South West Center-WRF ADAS Real-time Modeling System, SWCWARMS)2m温度168h预报时效内的系统性偏差特征,采用滑动双权重平均法分别对三种模式温度预报产品进行偏差订正,并集成得到各时效2m温度的订正场,结果表明:(1)三种模式的预报存在明显的日变化,整体上EC模式的预报最优。(2)三种模式对于低温和高温的预报,在全省均大致呈现负的系统性误差,特别在高原及过渡区表现的尤为明显。(3)订正后三种模式的预报准确率显著提高,均方根误差减小1.4~2.5℃,大部分地区平均误差维持在±0.5℃之间,在系统性偏差较大的地区,订正效果更好。(4)两种集成方案预报结果接近,且均优于三种模式的订正预报。  相似文献   

The Relationship between Deterministic and Ensemble Mean Forecast Errors Revealed by Global and Local Attractor Radii     

Jie FENG  Jianping LI  Jing ZHANG  Deqiang LIU  Ruiqiang DING 《大气科学进展》2019,36(3):271-278

It has been demonstrated that ensemble mean forecasts, in the context of the sample mean, have higher forecasting skill than deterministic(or single) forecasts. However, few studies have focused on quantifying the relationship between their forecast errors, especially in individual prediction cases. Clarification of the characteristics of deterministic and ensemble mean forecasts from the perspective of attractors of dynamical systems has also rarely been involved. In this paper, two attractor statistics—namely, the global and local attractor radii(GAR and LAR, respectively)—are applied to reveal the relationship between deterministic and ensemble mean forecast errors. The practical forecast experiments are implemented in a perfect model scenario with the Lorenz96 model as the numerical results for verification. The sample mean errors of deterministic and ensemble mean forecasts can be expressed by GAR and LAR, respectively, and their ratio is found to approach2~(1/2) with lead time. Meanwhile, the LAR can provide the expected ratio of the ensemble mean and deterministic forecast errors in individual cases.  相似文献   

Indian Ocean Dipole-related Predictability Barriers Induced by Initial Errors in the Tropical Indian Ocean in a CGCM     

Rong FENG  Wansuo DUAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(6):658-668

利用GFDL CM2p1模式, 本文探讨了初始海温误差对印度洋偶极子(IOD)事件可预报性的影响. 当热带印度洋存在初始海温误差时, IOD预报发生了冬季预报障碍(WPB)现象和夏季预报障碍(SPB)现象. WPB发生与否与正IOD事件发展位相冬季的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)有关. 即当冬季存在ENSO时, IOD预测不发生WPB现象, 反之亦然. 相比之下, SPB发生与否和ENSO没有必然联系. 此外, 进一步探讨了最容易导致SPB现象的初始海温误差的主要模态, 指出该模态在热带印度洋上表现为东-西偶极子型, 这和前人研究中最容易导致WPB现象的初始海温误差模态相似. 当在热带印度洋上叠加这些初始海温误差后, 热带太平洋上出现了海表温度异常和风场异常, 进而通过大气桥和印尼贯穿流的作用影响热带印度洋, 使之在夏季出现了东-西偶极子型的海表温度异常, 该异常在Bjerknes作用下快速发展, 加强, 最终导致SPB现象的发生.  相似文献   

SENSITIVITY OF THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL TO RADIATION SCHEMES IN CHINA     

王永立  冯锦明  郑子彦  靳少非 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):201-210

Results of one-year simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, with the use of different radiation schemes (RRTM, RRTMG, CAM, New Goddard and Goddard), are evaluated for China. The observations used in the model assessment include station data from the China Meteorological Administration, 14 flux field sites arranged in a coordinated observation network, and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data. Specifically, based on a Taylor diagram, the temperature differences between the radiation schemes are small, and the best annual mean spatial pattern and average value for China as a whole is produced by RRTMG. For the rainfall and net radiation annual mean simulation, the New Goddard and CAM schemes present better results than the RRTMG scheme. With respect to low cloud cover, all the schemes have similar reproduction without high cover on east of Tibet Plateau. Overall, the New Goddard and CAM schemes are suitable for longtime simulation without nesting and nudging options.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF     

肖辉  万齐林  刘显通  郑腾飞  冯璐  夏丰  陈景华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(3):312-323

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.  相似文献   

青海祁漫塔格虎头崖多金属矿区岩体热年代学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

瞿泓滢  丰成友  裴荣富  何书跃  李大新  刘建楠  王辉  周建厚 《地质学报》2015,89(3):498-509

虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿床是青海祁漫塔格地区典型的与印支期岩浆侵入活动有关的接触交代矿床,矿区内出露多个不同时代的含碳酸盐地层,金属成矿元素组合复杂,中酸性侵入岩产状多变、岩性多样,成矿岩体及其成矿能力的判别一直制约着该矿区及区域的找矿勘查工作。本文基于详细的野外地质调查,开展了岩体热年代学和岩石地球化学研究。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法,获得二长花岗岩体的年龄为230.3±3.7 Ma(n=13,MSWD=1.4);利用40 Ar-39 Ar法,获得二长花岗岩中黑云母和斜长石矿物的坪年龄分别为229.6±2.3 Ma和219.3±1.8Ma,厘定成岩时代为印支期。对二长花岗岩中不同矿物的岩体冷速率计算结果表明,虎头崖矿区二长花岗岩冷速率相对较快,其热效应较大,具有较大的成矿潜力。二长花岗岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,源于古老地壳物质的深熔或重熔,并可能有幔源物质的加入。  相似文献